Filing

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number 001-32157

 

Mast Therapeutics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

(858) 552-0866

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, as of May 6, 2015 was 163,071,779.

 

 

 

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

Mast Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for share and par value data)

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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Mast Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for share and per share data)

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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Mast Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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Mast Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

 

 

1. Basis of Presentation

Mast Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Mast Therapeutics,” “we” or “our company”), prepared the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual audited financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed with the SEC on March 24, 2015 (“2014 Annual Report”). The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014 included in this report has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2014 Annual Report. In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period, including the full year.

We are a clinical-stage, biopharmaceutical company focused on developing therapies for serious or life-threatening diseases. We have devoted substantially all of our resources to research and development (“R&D”) and acquisition of our product candidates. We have not yet marketed or sold any products or generated any significant revenue. Through our acquisition of SynthRx, Inc. (“SynthRx”) in 2011, we acquired our Membrane Adhesion & Sealant Technology (MAST) platform, which includes proprietary poloxamer-related data and know-how derived from over two decades of clinical, nonclinical and manufacturing experience, and we are leveraging the MAST platform to develop vepoloxamer (MST-188) for serious or life-threatening diseases and conditions typically characterized by impaired microvascular blood flow and damaged cell membranes. Through our acquisition of Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Aires”) in February 2014, we acquired AIR001, a sodium nitrite inhalation solution for intermittent inhalation via nebulizer, which we are developing for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Our business, operating results, financial condition, and growth prospects are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to obtain regulatory approval to commercialize our product candidates and failing to secure additional funding to complete development of and to successfully commercialize our product candidates.

 

 

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including estimates related to R&D expenses, in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), goodwill and share-based compensation expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other relevant assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

 

3. Acquisition of Aires

On February 27, 2014, we completed the acquisition of Aires in an all-stock transaction pursuant to the terms of an agreement and plan of merger, dated February 7, 2014, by and among us, AP Acquisition Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours, Aires, and a stockholders’ representative (the “Merger Agreement”). Aires was a clinical-stage company with its lead product candidate, AIR001 (sodium nitrite) inhalation solution, in Phase 2 studies in pulmonary hypertension. Aires survived the merger transaction as a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours.

Upon completion of the merger, we issued an aggregate of 1,049,706 unregistered shares of our common stock to former Aires stockholders and, in September 2014 after the six-month “holdback” period, we issued an aggregate of 4,053,996 additional unregistered shares of our common stock to former Aires stockholders, all in accordance with the merger agreement. There are no milestone or earn-out payments under the merger agreement; therefore, the total merger consideration was 5,103,702 shares.

We accounted for the acquisition of Aires in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC Topic 805”). The total purchase price of the acquisition was approximately $3.3 million. We calculated the purchase price by first multiplying the total number of shares of our common stock issued by $0.80, which was the closing price per share of our common stock on February 27, 2014, the acquisition date. Then, we applied a discount factor to account for lack of market liquidity due to the restrictions on transfer of the securities for a period of six months following the

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acquisition in accordance with stockholder agreements we entered into with the former Aires stockholders and the fact that the shares are unregistered and we have no obligation to register them for resale.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to Aires’ net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The table below summarizes the estimated fair values of Aires’ net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities on the acquisition date (in thousands):  

 

  

The estimated fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the purchase price by approximately $0.5 million. Accordingly, we recognized the $0.5 million excess as a bargain purchase gain in other income/(expense), net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). We were able to realize a gain because Aires was in a distressed sale situation. Aires lacked sufficient capital to continue operations and was unable to secure additional capital in the timeframe it required.

Acquired In-Process Research and Development

Acquired IPR&D is the estimated fair value of the AIR001 program as of the acquisition date. We determined that the estimated fair value of the AIR001 program was $2.0 million as of the acquisition date using the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method, or MPEEM, which is a form of the income approach. Under the MPEEM, the fair value of an intangible asset is equal to the present value of the asset’s incremental after-tax cash flows (excess earnings) remaining after deducting the market rates of return on the estimated value of contributory assets (contributory charge) over its remaining useful life.

To calculate fair value of the AIR001 program under the MPEEM, we used probability-weighted, projected cash flows discounted at a rate considered appropriate given the significant inherent risks associated with drug development by clinical-stage companies. Cash flows were calculated based on estimated projections of revenues and expenses related to AIR001 and then reduced by a contributory charge on requisite assets employed. Contributory assets included debt-free working capital, net fixed assets and assembled workforce. Rates of return on the contributory assets were based on rates used for comparable market participants. Cash flows were assumed to extend through a seven-year market exclusivity period. The resultant cash flows were then discounted to present value using a weighted-average cost of capital for companies with profiles substantially similar to that of Aires, which we believe represents the rate that market participants would use to value the assets. We compensated for the phase of development of the program by applying a probability factor to our estimation of the expected future cash flows. The projected cash flows were based on significant assumptions, including the indication in which we will pursue development of AIR001, the time and resources needed to complete the development and regulatory approval of AIR001, estimates of revenue and operating profit related to the program considering its stage of development, the life of the potential commercialized product, market penetration and competition, and risks associated with achieving commercialization, including delay or failure to obtain regulatory approvals to conduct clinical studies, failure of clinical studies, delay or failure to obtain required market clearances, and intellectual property litigation.

Deferred Income Tax Liability

The $0.8 million recorded as deferred income tax liability resulting from the acquisition reflects the tax impact of the difference between the book basis and tax basis of acquired IPR&D. Such deferred income tax liability cannot be used to offset deferred tax assets when analyzing our valuation allowance as the acquired IPR&D is considered to have an indefinite life until we complete or abandon development of AIR001.

 

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4. Goodwill and IPR&D

At March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, our goodwill and IPR&D consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

Our goodwill represents the difference between the total purchase price for SynthRx and the aggregate fair values of tangible and intangible assets acquired, less liabilities assumed.

 

Our IPR&D consists of the estimated fair values of the vepoloxamer and AIR001 programs as of the dates we acquired SynthRx and Aires, respectively.

 

We test our goodwill and acquired IPR&D for impairment annually as of September 30, or, in the case of initially acquired IPR&D, on the first anniversary of the date we acquired it and subsequently on September 30, and between annual tests if we become aware of an event or a change in circumstances that would indicate the carrying value may be impaired. We performed a qualitative assessment for our goodwill and our acquired IPR&D related to the SynthRx acquisition as of September 30, 2014. No impairment was noted.

 

For testing of our acquired IPR&D related to the Aires acquisition as of February 27, 2015, we performed a quantitative impairment test.  To perform the quantitative impairment test, we calculated the fair value of the acquired IPR&D from Aires using the MPEEM, which is discussed in Note 3 above.  Using the MPEEM, we determined that, as of February 27, 2015, the fair value of the acquired IPR&D from Aires was substantially greater than its carrying value. Therefore, it was not considered impaired.  As discussed in Note 3, the MPEEM requires us to make long-term projections of revenues and expenses related to the AIR001 program, as well as to estimate the rate of return on contributory assets, the weighted-average cost of capital for companies like ours, and the probability adjustment factor applied to our estimated future after-tax cash flows.  Projected cash flows were based on significant assumptions, including those described in Note 3.  For our cash flow projections as of February 27, 2015, we updated our assumptions around the indication for which AIR001 would be approved because we are pursuing development of AIR001 for treatment of a different condition (HFpEF) than we anticipated at the time we acquired Aires.  We believe the assumptions we used to calculate the fair value of the AIR001 program as of February 27, 2015 to be reasonable, but they are highly judgmental due in part to the inherent unpredictability of drug development.  

 

 

 

5. Investment Securities

Investment securities are marketable equity or debt securities. All of our investment securities are “available-for-sale” securities and carried at fair value. Fair value for securities with short maturities and infrequent secondary market trades typically is determined by using a curve-based evaluation model that utilizes quoted prices for similar securities. The evaluation model takes into consideration the days to maturity, coupon rate and settlement date convention. Net unrealized gains or losses on these securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and realized losses are included in other income, net while amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are included in interest income. Interest and dividends on available-for-sale securities are included in interest income. We periodically evaluate our investment securities for impairment. If we determine that a decline in fair value of any investment security is other than temporary, then the cost basis would be written down to fair value and the decline in value would be charged to earnings.

Our investment securities are under the custodianship of a major financial institution and consist of FDIC-insured certificates of deposit. We have classified all of our available-for-sale investment securities, including those with maturities beyond one year from the date of purchase, as current assets on our consolidated balance sheets because we consider them to be highly liquid and available for use, if needed, in current operations. As of March 31, 2015, $5.1 million, or approximately 23%, of our investment securities had contractual maturity dates of more than one year and less than or equal to 18 months and none were greater than 18 months.

At March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, our investment securities were as follows (in thousands):  

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6. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our cash equivalents are recorded at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value.  Our investment securities are carried at fair value. The fair value of financial assets and liabilities is measured under a framework that establishes “levels” which are defined as follows: (i) Level 1 fair value is determined from observable, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; (ii) Level 2 fair value is determined from inputs, other than Level 1 inputs, that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities, and (iii) Level 3 fair value is determined using the entity’s own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The fair values at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 of our cash equivalents and investment securities are summarized in the following table (in thousands):

 

 

 

7. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which generally is three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the economic life of the asset or the lease term, whichever is shorter. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

We lease phone equipment under a lease agreement classified as a capital lease.  The lease obligation is $35,000 with an interest rate of 7.94% per annum and the lease expires in December 2019.  The equipment is being amortized over five years.

 

8. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

  

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9. Share-Based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation expense related to equity awards granted to our employees and non-employee directors for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the only equity awards granted to our employees and non-employee directors were stock option awards. The following table summarizes the equity award activity during such three-month period:

 

 

At March 31, 2015, total unrecognized estimated compensation cost related to non-vested employee and non-employee director share-based awards granted prior to that date was $4.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

 

10. Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share was calculated by dividing the net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during those periods, respectively, without consideration for outstanding common stock equivalents because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Common stock equivalents are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share only if their effect is dilutive. For the periods presented, our outstanding common stock equivalents consisted of options and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. The weighted-average number of those common stock equivalents outstanding for each of the periods presented is set forth in the table below:

 

 

 

11. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”). The amendments in ASU 2014-15 will require management to assess, at each annual and interim reporting period, the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and, if management identifies conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued, to disclose in the notes to the entity’s financial statements the principal conditions or events that raised substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, management’s evaluation of their significance, and management’s plans that alleviated or are intended to alleviate substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and early application is permitted.  The amendments in ASU 2014-15 do not have any application to an entity’s financial statements, but only to the related notes.  

 

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12. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Non-cash investing and financing transactions presented separately from the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

13. Stockholders’ Equity

 

Underwritten Public Offering of Common Stock, Pre-funded Warrants and Warrants

In November 2014, we completed an underwritten public offering of 30,941,102 shares of our common stock, 13,081,428 “pre-funded” warrants exercisable for up to 13,081,428 shares of our common stock, and 22,011,265 warrants exercisable for up to 22,011,265 shares of our common stock.  These securities were offered and sold to the underwriters and the public in units with each Series A unit consisting of one share of our common stock and one-half (0.5) of a warrant and each Series B unit consisting of one pre-funded warrant and one-half (0.5) of a warrant.  Each whole warrant is exercisable for one share of our common stock.  We sold an aggregate of 30,941,102 Series A units and 13,081,428 Series B units. The gross proceeds from this financing were $21.0 million and, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, our net proceeds were $19.7 million.  We may receive up to $0.1 million and $16.5 million of additional proceeds from the exercise of the pre-funded warrants and warrants, respectively, issued in the offering.  The exercise price of the pre-funded warrants is $0.01 per share and exercise price of the warrants is $0.75 per share. Subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations, the pre-funded warrants and warrants are exercisable at any time on or before November 12, 2019.

“At the Market” Equity Offering Program

In February 2014, we entered into a sales agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”), to sell shares of our common stock, with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $30 million, from time to time, through an “at the market” equity offering program (the “ATM program”), under which Cowen acts as sales agent. As of March 31, 2015, we had sold and issued an aggregate of 20,720,986 shares at a weighted-average sales price of $0.74 per share under the ATM program for aggregate gross proceeds of $15.4 million and $14.6 million in net proceeds, after deducting sales agent commission and discounts and our other offering costs.

Shares Issuable to Former SynthRx Stockholders Upon Achievement of Milestones

In April 2011, we acquired SynthRx as a wholly-owned subsidiary through a merger transaction in exchange for shares of our common stock and rights to additional shares of our common stock upon achievement of specified milestones related to the development of MST-188 in sickle cell disease. We have issued an aggregate of 3,050,851 shares of our common stock to the former SynthRx stockholders, 1,454,079 of which we repurchased in December 2012 for $0.001 per share pursuant to our exercise of a repurchase right under the merger agreement. We could issue up to an aggregate of 12,478,050 additional shares of our common stock to the former SynthRx stockholders if and when the development of MST-188 achieves the following milestones: (a) 3,839,400 shares upon acceptance for review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) of a new drug application (“NDA”) covering the use of purified poloxamer 188 for the treatment of sickle cell crisis in children and (b) 8,638,650 shares upon approval of such NDA by the FDA.

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Outstanding Warrants

At March 31, 2015, outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock are as follows:

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this report. For additional context with which to understand our financial condition and results of operations, see the discussion and analysis included in Part II, Item 7 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on March 24, 2015, as well as the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes contained therein. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to those identified under “Forward Looking Statements” below and those discussed in Item 1A (Risk Factors) of Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. Mast Therapeutics, our corporate logo, Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and SynthRx are trademarks of our company. All trademarks, service marks or trade names appearing in this report are the property of their respective owners. Use or display by us of other parties’ trademarks, service marks or trade names is not intended to and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsements or sponsorship of, us by the trademark, service mark or trade name owners.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage, biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapies for serious or life-threatening diseases with significant unmet needs. We are leveraging our Molecular Adhesion & Sealant Technology, or MAST, platform, derived from over two decades of clinical, nonclinical, and manufacturing experience with purified and non-purified poloxamers, to develop MST-188 (vepoloxamer) Injection, our lead product candidate. Vepoloxamer has demonstrated multiple pharmacologic effects that may provide clinical benefit in a wide range of diseases and conditions typically characterized by impaired microvascular blood flow and/or damaged cell membranes. We currently are developing vepoloxamer for the treatment of sickle cell disease, arterial disease (in combination with thrombolytics), and heart failure.  We also are developing AIR001, a sodium nitrite solution for intermittent inhalation via nebulizer.  AIR001 has demonstrated positive hemodynamic effects in patients with pulmonary hypertension and we are developing it for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, or HFpEF.

We have devoted substantially all of our resources to research and development, or R&D, and to acquisition of our product candidates. We have not yet marketed or sold any products or generated any significant revenue and we have incurred significant annual operating losses since inception. We incurred a loss from operations of $9.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. As of March 31, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of $244.7 million.  Our cash, cash equivalents, and investment securities were $49.9 million as of March 31, 2015.

We continue to focus our resources primarily on the development of vepoloxamer. Enrolling subjects in EPIC, our pivotal Phase 3 study of vepoloxamer in patients with sickle cell disease, is one of our top priorities. We also are enrolling patients with acute limb ischemia, or ALI, in a Phase 2 study of vepoloxamer in combination with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to evaluate whether vepoloxamer improves effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy. In addition, we are planning to initiate a Phase 2 study of vepoloxamer in patients with heart failure in the third quarter of 2015. Our vepoloxamer pipeline also includes preclinical development programs in thrombotic stroke and resuscitation following major trauma (i.e., restoration of circulating blood volume and pressure).

Our second product candidate, AIR001, is being tested in multiple institution-sponsored Phase 2a clinical studies in patients with HFpEF.  We obtained the AIR001 program through our acquisition of Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in February 2014.  Prior to the acquisition, AIR001 had been tested in more than 120 healthy volunteers and patients with various forms of pulmonary hypertension and it demonstrated positive hemodynamic effects and was well-tolerated.  If data from the Phase 2a studies are positive, we expect to conduct a Phase 2b proof-of-concept study in HFpEF.  

Acquisition of Aires Pharmaceuticals

In February 2014, we acquired Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in a merger transaction, which resulted in Aires becoming our wholly-owned subsidiary. Upon completion of the merger, we issued an aggregate of 1,049,706 unregistered shares of our common stock to former Aires stockholders and, in September 2014, following a six-month “holdback” period, we issued an aggregate of 4,053,996 additional unregistered shares of our common stock to former Aires stockholders, all in accordance with the merger agreement. There are no milestone or earn-out payments under the merger agreement.  Accordingly, the total merger consideration was 5,103,702 shares.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations included in this report is based upon consolidated financial statements and condensed consolidated financial statements that we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally

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accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in these financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates and assumptions, including those related to determination of the fair value of goodwill and acquired in-process research and development, or IPR&D, and recognition of R&D expenses and share-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical information, when available, and assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following accounting estimates are those that can have a material impact on our financial condition or operating performance and involve substantial subjectivity and judgment in the application of our accounting policies to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change. The following is not intended to be a comprehensive discussion of all of our significant accounting policies. See the notes accompanying our consolidated financial statements appearing in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K for a summary of all of our significant accounting policies and other disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

Accrued Research and Development Expenses. As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our accrued expenses. This process involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders, communicating with our personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the actual cost. Many of our service providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed or when contractual milestones are met. We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in our financial statements based on facts and circumstances known to us at that time. We periodically confirm the accuracy of our estimates with the service providers and make adjustments, if necessary. The majority of our accrued expenses relate to R&D services and related expenses. Examples of estimated accrued R&D expenses include:

We base our accrued expenses related to CROs and CMOs on our estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to purchase orders or contracts with multiple service providers that we engage to conduct and manage our clinical studies and manufacture our clinical trial material on our behalf. The financial terms of our arrangements with our CROs and CMOs are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful completion of specified process development activities or the successful enrollment of patients and the completion of clinical study milestones. In accruing these service fees, we estimate, as applicable, the time period over which services will be performed (e.g., enrollment of patients, activation of clinical sites, etc.). If the actual timing varies from our estimate, we adjust the accrual accordingly. In addition, there may be instances in which payments made to service providers will exceed the level of services provided and result in a prepayment of R&D expense, which we report as an asset. The actual costs and timing of clinical studies and research-related manufacturing are uncertain and subject to change depending on a number of factors. Differences between actual costs of these services and the estimated costs that we have accrued in a prior period are recorded in the subsequent period in which the actual costs become known to us. Historically, these differences have not resulted in material adjustments, but such differences may occur in the future and have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

Business Combinations. We account for business combinations, such as our acquisitions of SynthRx in April 2011 and Aires Pharmaceuticals in February 2014, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 805, Business Combinations, which requires the purchase price to be measured at fair value. When the purchase consideration consists entirely of shares of our common stock, we calculate the purchase price by determining the fair value, as of the acquisition date, of shares issued in connection with the closing of the acquisition and, if the transaction involves contingent consideration based on achievement of milestones or earn-out events, the probability-weighted fair value, as of the acquisition date, of shares issuable upon the occurrence of future events or conditions pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the business combination. If the transaction involves such contingent consideration, our calculation of the purchase price involves probability inputs that are highly judgmental due to the inherent unpredictability of drug development, particularly by development-stage companies such as ours. We recognize estimated fair values of the tangible assets and intangible assets acquired, including IPR&D, and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date, and we record as goodwill any amount of the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in excess of the purchase price.

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Goodwill and Acquired IPR&D. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, or ASC Topic 350, our goodwill and acquired IPR&D are determined to have indefinite lives and, therefore, are not amortized. Instead, they are tested for impairment annually and between annual tests if we become aware of an event or a change in circumstances that would indicate the carrying value may be impaired. We perform our annual impairment testing as of September 30 of each year, or, in the case of initially acquired IPR&D, on the first anniversary of the date we acquired it and subsequently on September 30. Pursuant to Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2011-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment, and No. 2012-02, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads us to determine that it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that our goodwill or our acquired IPR&D is impaired. If we choose to first assess qualitative factors and we determine that it is not more likely than not goodwill or acquired IPR&D is impaired, we are not required to take further action to test for impairment. We also have the option to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform only the quantitative impairment test, which we may choose to do in some periods but not in others.

If we perform a quantitative assessment of goodwill, we utilize the two-step approach prescribed under ASC Topic 350. Step 1 requires a comparison of the carrying value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, to its estimated fair value. We test for impairment at the entity level because we operate on the basis of a single reporting unit. If our carrying value exceeds our fair value, we then perform Step 2 to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. In Step 2, we estimate the fair value of our individual assets, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. We then compare the carrying value of our goodwill to its implied fair value. The excess of the carrying value of goodwill over its implied fair value, if any, is recorded as an impairment charge.

If we perform a quantitative assessment of IPR&D, we calculate the estimated fair value of acquired IPR&D by using the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method, or MPEEM, which is a form of the income approach. Under the MPEEM, the fair value of an intangible asset is equal to the present value of the asset’s projected incremental after-tax cash flows (excess earnings) remaining after deducting the market rates of return on the estimated value of contributory assets (contributory charge) over its remaining useful life.

Our determinations as to whether, and, if so, the extent to which, goodwill and acquired IPR&D become impaired are highly judgmental and based on significant assumptions regarding our projected future financial condition and operating results, changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets, development of our acquired assets or our overall business strategy, and regulatory, market and economic environment and trends.

Share-based Compensation Expenses. We account for share-based compensation awards granted to employees, including non-employee members of our board of directors, in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation. Compensation expense for all share-based awards is based on the estimated fair value of the award on its date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over its vesting period. As share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it is reduced for estimated forfeitures. We estimate forfeitures at the time of grant based on the expected forfeiture rate for our unvested stock options, which is based in large part on our historical forfeiture rates, but also on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. We revise our estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Although share-based compensation expense can be significant to our consolidated financial statements, it does not involve the payment of any cash by us.

We estimate the grant date fair value of a stock option award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, or Black-Scholes model. In determining the grant date fair value of a stock option award under the Black-Scholes model, we must make a number of assumptions, including the term of the award, the volatility of the price of our common stock over the term of the award, and the risk-free interest rate. Changes in these or other assumptions could have a material impact on the compensation expense we recognize.

Results of Operations – Overview

We operate our business and evaluate our company on the basis of a single reportable segment, which is the business of developing therapies for serious or life-threatening diseases.

Revenue

We have not generated any revenue from product sales to date, and we do not expect to generate revenue from product sales until such time, if any, that we have obtained approval from a regulatory agency to sell one or more of our product candidates, which we cannot predict with certainty will occur. If we enter into any licensing or other collaborative arrangements regarding our development programs, we may recognize revenue from those arrangements prior to commercial sale of any products.

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Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses. We maintain and evaluate our R&D expenses by the type of cost incurred rather than by project. We do this primarily because we outsource a substantial portion of our work and our R&D personnel and consultants work across multiple programs rather than dedicating their time to one particular program. We categorize our R&D expenses as external clinical study fees and expenses, external nonclinical study fees and expenses, personnel costs and share-based compensation expense. The major components of our external clinical study fees and expenses are fees and expenses related to CROs and clinical study investigative sites and investigators. The major components of our external nonclinical study fees and expenses are fees and expenses related to preclinical studies and other nonclinical testing, research-related manufacturing, and quality assurance and regulatory affairs services. Research-related manufacturing expenses include costs associated with producing and/or purchasing active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), conducting process development activities, producing clinical trial material, producing material for stability testing to support regulatory filings, related labeling, testing and release, packaging and storing services and related consulting fees. Impairment losses on R&D-related manufacturing equipment are also considered research-related manufacturing expenses. Personnel costs relate to employee salaries, benefits and related costs.

A general understanding of drug development is critical to understanding our results of operations and, particularly, our R&D expenses. Drug development in the United States and most countries throughout the world is a process that includes several steps defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and similar regulatory authorities in foreign countries. The FDA approval processes relating to new drug products differ depending on the nature of the particular product candidate for which approval is sought. With respect to any product candidate with active ingredients not previously approved by the FDA, a prospective drug product manufacturer is required to submit a new drug application, or NDA, that includes complete reports of pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies and extensive manufacturing information to demonstrate the product candidate’s safety and effectiveness. Generally, an NDA must be supported by at least phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical studies, with each study typically more expensive and lengthy than the previous study.

Future expenditures on R&D programs are subject to many uncertainties, including the number of clinical studies required to be conducted for each development program and whether we will develop a product candidate with a partner or independently. At this time, due to such uncertainties and the risks inherent in drug product development and the associated regulatory process, we cannot estimate with any reasonable certainty the duration of or costs to complete our R&D programs, or whether or when or to what extent revenues will be generated from the commercialization and sale of any of our product candidates. The duration and costs of our R&D programs, in particular, the duration and costs associated with clinical studies and research-related manufacturing, can vary significantly as a result of a variety of factors, including:

We regularly evaluate the prospects of our R&D programs, including in response to available scientific, nonclinical and clinical data, our assessments of a product candidate’s market potential and our available resources, and make determinations as to which programs to pursue and how much funding to direct to each one.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and related costs for personnel in executive, finance and accounting, legal and market research functions, and professional and consulting fees for accounting, legal, investor relations, business development, market research, human resources and information technology services. Other SG&A expenses include facility lease and insurance costs.

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Transaction-Related Expenses. Transaction-related expenses consist of legal, accounting, financial and business development advisory fees associated with the evaluation of potential acquisition targets and execution of acquisition transactions, including our acquisitions of Aires and SynthRx.

Other Income, Net. Other income, net includes the bargain purchase gain related to the acquisition of Aires in 2014, as well as unrealized and realized gains and losses from foreign currency transactions and other non-operating gains and losses.

 

Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014

Revenue. We recognized no revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.

R&D Expenses. Our R&D expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2015 consisted primarily of external costs associated with the EPIC study, our Phase 2 study of vepoloxamer in ALI, and research-related manufacturing for vepoloxamer. These expenses consisted primarily of CRO and CMO expenses, clinical study-related consulting and study site expenses, which include start-up costs as well as patient costs. The following table summarizes our consolidated R&D expenses by type for each of the periods listed and their respective percent of our total R&D expenses for such periods (in thousands, except for percentages):

  

 

R&D expenses increased by $1.7 million, or approximately 41.1%, to $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015, compared to $4.3 million for the same period in 2014. This increase was due primarily to a $1.2 million increase in external clinical study fees and expenses, a $0.4 million increase in external nonclinical study fees and expenses and a $0.1 million increase in personnel expenses.

The $1.2 million increase in external clinical study fees and expenses was due primarily to an increase in EPIC study costs.  The $0.4 million increase in external nonclinical study fees and expenses was due primarily to a $0.3 million increase in research-related manufacturing costs for vepoloxamer and a $0.1 million increase in research-related manufacturing costs for AIR001.  

SG&A Expenses. SG&A expenses increased by $1.3 million, or approximately 57.9%, to $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015, compared to $2.3 million for the same period in 2014. This increase was due primarily to a $1.0 million increase in personnel costs and a $0.2 million increase in consulting fees. Personnel costs for the three months ended March 31, 2015 include $0.4 million of severance expense and $0.3 million of share-based compensation expense resulting from the termination of employment of our former president and chief operating officer in February 2015 and the acceleration of stock option vesting pursuant to the terms of his option agreements.

Transaction-Related Expenses. There were no transaction-related expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2015.  Transaction-related expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2014 related to legal fees associated with the acquisition of Aires.  

Other Income, Net. Other income, net for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was negligible. Other income, net for the three months ended March 31, 2014 consisted primarily of a $0.5 million bargain purchase gain associated with the acquisition of Aires.

Net Loss. Net loss was $9.6 million, or $0.06 per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2015, compared to net loss of $6.4 million, or $0.06 per share, for the same period in 2014.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have a history of annual losses from operations and we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for at least the next several years. For the three months ended March 31, 2015, we incurred a loss from operations of $9.7 million. Our cash, cash equivalents and investment securities were $49.9 million as of March 31, 2015.

We historically have funded our operations principally through proceeds from sales of our equity securities. In November 2014, we completed an underwritten public offering with gross proceeds of $21.0 million from the sale and issuance of units consisting of shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase our common stock at an exercise price of $0.75 per share and units consisting of “pre-funded” warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.75 per share.  We issued and sold an aggregate of 30,941,102 shares of our common stock, 13,081,428 pre-funded warrants exercisable for up to 13,081,428 shares, and 22,011,265 warrants exercisable for up to 22,011,265 shares.  Net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, were $19.7 million. The pre-funded warrants and the warrants are exercisable at any time on or before November 12, 2019, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations.

We may receive up to $6.6 million, $5.6 million, $11.7 million, $18.3 million, $0.1 million and $16.5 million of additional net proceeds from the exercise of warrants issued in the registered direct equity financings we completed in May 2010 and January 2011 and the underwritten public offerings we completed in November 2011, June 2013 and November 2014, respectively. However, the timing of the exercise and extent to which any of these warrants are exercised before they expire are beyond our control and depend on a number of factors, including certain beneficial ownership limitations and the market price of our common stock. The exercise prices of these warrants are $3.65, $2.75, $1.10, $0.65, $0.01 and $0.75 per share, respectively. In comparison, the closing sale price of our common stock on March 31, 2015 was $0.49 per share and we do not expect the holders of the warrants to exercise them unless and until our common stock trades at or above the exercise price of their warrants.

In February 2014, we entered into a sales agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC, or Cowen, to sell shares of our common stock, with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $30 million, from time to time, through an “at the market” equity offering program, or ATM program, under which Cowen acts as sales agent. As of March 31, 2015, in the aggregate since we commenced the ATM program, we had sold and issued 20,720,986 shares at a weighted-average sales price of $0.74 per share under the ATM program for aggregate gross proceeds of $15.4 million and $14.6 million in net proceeds, after deducting sales agent commission and discounts and our other offering costs.  

For a discussion of our liquidity and capital resources outlook, see “Management Outlook” below.

Operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and consisted primarily of a net loss of $9.6 million adjusted for non-cash items, including share-based compensation expenses of $1.1 million and a net increase of $1.2 million due to changes in assets and liabilities. Net cash used in operating activities was $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and consisted primarily of a net loss of $6.4 million adjusted for non-cash items, including share-based compensation expenses of $0.4 million and a net increase of $0.1 million due to changes in assets and liabilities, offset by a gain on bargain purchase of $0.5 million.

Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $2.5 million for the same period in 2014. In the three months ended March 31, 2014, we obtained $3.5 million of cash through our acquisition of Aires.

Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $6,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, representing the net proceeds from sales of our shares of common stock through our ATM program, less payments under a capital lease agreement for our phone equipment. Net cash provided by financing activities was $8.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014, representing the net proceeds from sales of our shares of common stock through our ATM program.  

Management Outlook

We anticipate that our cash, cash equivalents and investment securities as of March 31, 2015 will be sufficient to fund our currently planned level of operations for at least the next 12 months. We expect our operating expenses for the year ending December 31, 2015 will be approximately $35 million to $38 million, excluding share-based compensation expense.

Our estimate of our 2015 operating expenses and of the period of time through which our current financial resources will be adequate to support our operations are forward-looking statements based on significant assumptions and we could utilize our financial resources sooner than we currently expect.  Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties and actual results could differ materially if the assumptions on which we have based our forward-looking statements prove to be wrong. Factors that will affect our operating expenses and future capital requirements include, but are not limited to:

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Vepoloxamer

We are focusing our resources primarily on development of vepoloxamer. Enrolling subjects in the EPIC study is one of our top priorities. We expect to enroll 388 subjects into EPIC and, as of April 20, 2015, 205 subjects had been enrolled.  There are more than 70 EPIC study sites in ten countries, including over 50 sites in the United States, and we anticipate opening new study sites in at least four additional countries. Although predicting the rate of enrollment and timing of availability of data for any clinical study, including EPIC, is subject to a number of significant assumptions and completion of the study and timing of data may differ materially, we expect to announce top-line results in the first quarter of 2016.

In addition to EPIC, we are conducting other activities to evaluate vepoloxamer’s potential in sickle cell disease, including enrolling patients participating in EPIC at selected U.S. study sites in a sub-study to investigate and quantify the effect of vepoloxamer on tissue oxygenation using non-invasive methods. Further, we plan to initiate an open-label, multicenter extension study called EPIC-E in the second quarter of 2015 to expand our existing safety database regarding repeat exposure to vepoloxamer.  The study will enroll patients who have completed the EPIC study and are hospitalized for subsequent vaso-occlusive crisis.  

We also are advancing our other vepoloxamer programs. We are enrolling approximately 60 patients with ALI in a Phase 2 study of vepoloxamer in combination with recombinant tPA to compare treatment with vepoloxamer in combination with recombinant tPA against recombinant tPA alone. We estimate that enrollment of this Phase 2 study will complete in the second half of 2016.  As noted above, predicting the timing of completion of a clinical study is necessarily subject to a number of significant assumptions and the actual timing may differ materially.  If the Phase 2 study in ALI demonstrates that the combination of vepoloxamer and recombinant tPA results in more rapid thrombolysis than recombinant tPA alone, we believe it not only would progress development in ALI, but also support development of vepoloxamer in other manifestations of occlusive arterial disease, such as thrombotic stroke. Therefore, in parallel to the Phase 2 study in ALI, we have conducted and are planning to conduct nonclinical studies to evaluate vepoloxamer’s potential in thrombotic stroke, including its ability to expand the therapeutic window for recombinant tPA after the onset of stroke symptoms.

We also are evaluating vepoloxamer’s potential in heart failure, another area of significant unmet medical need.  Encouraged by positive results from randomized, placebo-controlled, nonclinical proof-of-concept and repeat-treatment studies of vepoloxamer in a model of advanced heart failure, as well as recommendations from medical experts in heart failure, we are planning to initiate a Phase 2 study of vepoloxamer for the treatment of chronic heart failure in the third quarter of 2015.  While we are still in the planning process, we expect the study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single administration of vepoloxamer, including its effect on markers of cardiac injury (troponin) and wall stress (NT-proBNP), as well as clinical outcomes, in approximately 150 patients with chronic heart failure. We expect to conduct the study on an outpatient basis at medical centers within and outside of the U.S.

Further, we are conducting or plan to conduct a number of other ex vivo, nonclinical in vivo and in vitro studies of vepoloxamer to further understand its pharmacologic effects and support our intellectual property positions. We also are conducting and plan to conduct additional research-related manufacturing activities.

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AIR001

Based on the positive hemodynamic effects observed in Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies of AIR001 in more than 120 healthy volunteers and patients with various forms of pulmonary hypertension and data showing AIR001 was well tolerated in those studies, we believe AIR001 may be uniquely suitable to address the serious unmet need of patients with HFpEF.  We are supporting multiple institution-sponsored Phase 2a studies of AIR001 in patients with HFpEF to better understand AIR001’s potential in that patient population.  Patient dosing in Phase 2a studies of AIR001 at Mayo Clinic and the University of Pittsburgh began in early 2015 and we expect a third Phase 2a study to begin later this year.  We anticipate reporting preliminary data from one of these studies in the second half of 2015.  If results are positive, we expect to conduct a Phase 2b proof-of-concept study of AIR001 in HFpEF.

In parallel with our independent development of vepoloxamer and AIR001, from time to time, we evaluate opportunities for strategic collaborations, including with respect to country-specific development and regulatory or commercial expertise that would enhance the value of our programs.

Although we anticipate that our cash, cash equivalents and investment securities will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months, we do not anticipate that such capital alone will be sufficient to fund our operations through the completion of development and commercialization of our product candidates.  In addition, we may utilize our financial resources sooner than we currently expect if we incur unanticipated expenses or we pursue development or commercial-readiness activities for our product candidates at levels or on timelines other than currently planned or we expand our product pipeline through acquisition of new product candidates and/or technologies. For the foreseeable future, we plan to fund our operations through public or private equity and/or debt financings and through collaborations, including licensing arrangements. However, adequate additional capital may not be available to us in the future on acceptable terms, on a timely basis, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to pursue our business strategy.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 11, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) in this report for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their effect, if any, on us.

Forward Looking Statements

This report, particularly in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements we make regarding our business strategy, expectations and plans, our objectives for future operations and our future financial position. When used in this report, the words “believe,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “intend,” “expect,” “indicate” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make regarding activities, timing and costs related to developing and seeking regulatory approval for our product candidates, including the nature, timing of initiation and completion, and costs of clinical studies and nonclinical testing, the indications in which we plan to pursue development of our product candidates, our plans regarding partnering or other collaborative arrangements and for raising additional capital to support our operations, and our belief that we have sufficient liquidity to fund our currently planned level of operations for at least the next 12 months. The foregoing is not an exclusive list of all forward-looking statements we make.

We have based the forward-looking statements we make on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. The forward-looking statements we make are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any result, performance or achievement expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to the following:

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Except as required by law, we do not intend to update the forward-looking statements discussed in this report publicly or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. In light of these risks and uncertainties and our assumptions, actual results may differ materially and adversely from expectations indicated or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this report and in any documents incorporated in this report. Accordingly, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Under SEC rules and regulations, as a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide the information required by this item.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2015. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that as of March 31, 2015 these disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarterly period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Regardless of outcome, litigation and other legal and administrative proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. We are not currently a party to any material pending litigation or other material legal proceeding.

 

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Under SEC rules and regulations, as a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide the information required by this item.

 

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

 

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

 

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

 

 

Item 5. Other Information

None.

 

 

Item 6. Exhibits

An Exhibit Index has been attached as part of this report and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

 

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Exhibit 10.1

 

MAST THERAPEUTICS, INC.

AMENDMENT OF STOCK OPTION AGREEMENTS

 

THIS AMENDMENT OF STOCK OPTION AGREEMENTS (the “Amendment”) is made and entered into by and between Mast Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Patrick L. Keran (the “Optionee”). This Amendment shall become effective as set forth in Section 4 below.

 

RECITALS

 

A.The Company previously granted to the Optionee stock options identified on Exhibit A hereto (the “Subject Options”), each intended to be an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) to the fullest extent permitted by the Code.

 

B.The Subject Options are evidenced by written agreements (the “Agreements”) between the Company and the Optionee.

 

C.The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) or a duly authorized committee of the Board has approved the amendment to the Agreements set forth below to extend the post-termination exercise period of the Subject Options, subject to the Optionee’s delivery and non-revocation of a general release of claims in a form acceptable to the Company.

 

AGREEMENT

 

In consideration of the mutual covenants and conditions contained and referenced herein, it is hereby agreed by and between the parties hereto that the Agreements shall be amended effective as of the Effective Date as follows:

1.Capitalized Terms.  Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Amendment will have the meanings assigned to such terms by the equity compensation plan(s) pursuant to which the Subject Options were granted and the Agreements governing the Subject Options, as amended below.

2.Amendment of the Agreements.  To the extent vested as of the Separation Date (as defined in the letter agreement, dated March 18, 2015, setting forth the terms of separation of employment between the Optionee and the Company (the “Letter Agreement”)), after taking into account any applicable vesting acceleration provision, the vested portions of the Subject Options may be exercised until 5:30 p.m. Eastern time on November 15, 2016 and the Subject Options will terminate at 5:31 p.m. Eastern time on November 15, 2016, unless a Subject Option is sooner terminated due to the exercise of the Subject Option, the occurrence of the expiration of the Subject Option as set forth in the Agreement governing the Subject Option (which generally is 10 years from the grant date), or as a result of a Change in Control (as defined in the Agreement governing the Subject Option).

3.Tax Consequences - Loss of Incentive Stock Option Status.  The parties acknowledge that by amending the Subject Options to extend their post-termination exercise periods as set forth in Section 2 above, the Subject Options that currently qualify as incentive stock options may no longer qualify as incentive stock options and instead may be treated as nonstatutory stock options.

4.Expiration of Amendment Offer and Effective Date of Amendment.  If this Amendment is not agreed to and executed by the Optionee on or before the earlier of (a) the date on which the Optionee executes the Letter Agreement and (b) twenty-one (21) days after the Letter Agreement is delivered to the Optionee, the offer to amend the Subject Options as set forth in this Amendment shall be terminated and the provisions described herein shall not be effective.  In addition, the effectiveness of this Amendment is specifically conditioned upon the Optionee agreeing to be bound by and not revoking the Letter Agreement, and shall become effective on the date the Letter Agreement becomes effective and non-revocable (the “Effective Date”).

1

 

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5.Governing Law.  The validity and enforceability of this Amendment shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to otherwise governing principles of conflicts of law.

6.Miscellaneous.  This Amendment shall: (a) be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the Optionee and the Optionee’s heirs, executors, administrators and successors in interest in accordance with the terms of the Agreements; (b) only be amended pursuant to a written instrument signed by the Optionee and the Company; (c) not be rendered invalid in its entirety due to the invalidity or unenforceability of one of its provisions; and (d) may be executed and delivered in counterparts and delivered by the Optionee via facsimile or electronic transmission of a file format that provides an image of the executed Amendment that can be viewed and printed (e.g., a .pdf file).

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amendment has been executed by the parties hereto as of the dates set forth below.

 

 

Mast Therapeutics, Inc.

 

 

By: _/s/ Brian M. Culley_______________Date:  March 18, 2015

Brian M. Culley

Chief Executive Offer

 

 

 

OPTIONEE:   Patrick L. Keran

 

 

___/s/ Patrick L. Keran_________________Date:  March 18, 2015

(Signature)

 

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EXHIBIT A

 

SUBJECT OPTIONS

 

 

3

 

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15(d)-14(a)

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Brian M. Culley, certify that:

May 11, 2015

 

 

 

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15(d)-14(a)

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Brandi L. Roberts, certify that:

May 11, 2015

 

 

 

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Mast Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Brian M. Culley, principal executive officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

May 11, 2015

 

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Mast Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Brandi L. Roberts, principal financial officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

May 11, 2015